Flashcards as the Instructional media
Preface
In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most
merciful, the lord of universe, who has given his bless to the writer for
finishing the Instructional Media Midterm paper entitled” FLASHCARDS”. Next,
peace and salutation always be given to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided
us from the darkness to the lightness.
The Writer also wish to express her deep and sincere
gratitude for those who have guided in completing this paper. I would like to
say thank to Mrs. Qudwatin Nisak as a lecturer that always teaches us and gives
much knowledge and Experiences about instructional media and the how to
implement it in the classroom for teaching learning process.
This Instructional media paper contains explanation
about Flashcard media and the implementation in the classroom. Those ways can
be used in the classroom to increase students motivation in learning English
especially for young learners, hopefully, this paper can help readers to expand
their knowledge about instructional media.
Banda Aceh, June 3rd,2017
Najmiatul Fauza
CHAPTER I
A.
Introduction
English
is one of the subject matters in the schools in Indonesia. English becomes the
foreign language that has important roles to the beneficial development of the
country. The government has apparently understood the essential of learning
English. The establishment of the 1994 curriculum has made a clue that English
can be taught in elementary schools, especially on the vocabulary mastery. The
establishment of the 1994 curriculum has made a clue that English can be taught
in elementary schools, especially on the vocabulary mastery. The establishment
of the 1994 curriculum has made a clue that English can be taught in elementary
schools, especially on the vocabulary mastery. Vocabulary is an essential
component in second/foreign language learning because it is needed for
expressing meaning and conveying thoughts through both receptive and productive
skills (Carpenter & Olson, 2011).
Many strategies
can be applied by a teacher to teach vocabulary effectively, such as
flashcards. According to Suyanto, flashcards is the cards that usually use thin
paper and stiff (2008:109).
Flashcards show picture or words. Usually flashcards include of group
with kind or classes.Flashcards help teacher to demonstrate a simple sequence
of activities to the learners.
Flash cards are a really handy resource to have and can be useful at every
stage of the class. They are a great way to present, practice and recycle
vocabulary and when students become familiar with the activities used in class,
they can be given out to early-finishers to use in small groups.
B.
Questions :
1. What is
the definition of Flashcards?
2. What are
types of Flashcards ?
3. What are
the functions of using Flashcards ?
4. What are
some examples of implementation of using Flashcards in the classroom ?
C.
Objectives :
1. To the
definition of Flashcards
2. To know
types of Flashcards
3. To know
the function of Flashcards
4. To know
some example of implementation of Flashcards in the classroom
CHAPTER
II
A. Definition
A
flashcard is a little piece of paper. The size of a business card, which has on
one side a new word in a language you’re learning, and on the other side a word
in your mother tongue According to Haycraft, flashcards are the cards on which
words and or picture and painted or drawn (Insaniyah, 2003:19). According to
Suyanto, flashcards is the cards that usually use thin paper and stiff (2008:109). Flashcards show picture or words.
Usually flashcards include of group with kind or classes.
Flashcard is a piece of cardboard about 18 X 6 inches on which
appears
a word, a sentence or a simple outline drawing. The lettering should be large,
net and clear so that it can be seen from the rear of the room. Capital letters
are preferred. Print should be used since it is easy to read at a distance
(Nasr, 1972:119)
Flashcards
are a powerful memory tool write questions on one side of the cards and the
answer on the other side (Edwards, 2006: 98).
Based
on many definitions above about flashcard; the researcher can conclude that:
1. Flashcard is one of
the media education
2. Flashcard is a
little piece of paper
3. Flashcard is the
cards on which words and or picture and printed or drawn.
4. Flashcard is one of
the best tools for memorizing information.
The
flashcard must always be brief, large, neat and clear so that it can be seen from the rear of the room.
Capital letters are preferred print should be used since it is easy to read at
a distance. The cards can be displayed by the teacher or by a pupil. The letter
is preferred since it makes for activity. The set of cards should be field away
under given subject. They will be found very useful for review for dill and as
a warming up exercise at the beginning of the period.
B.
Why
should you used flashcards
Different
students learn in different ways, and it is important to make use of visual
teaching methods since studies show that the majority of students learn trough
visual means. Flashcards are clear and colorful and they can have positive
effect on the visual learning process of the students (https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/using-flash-cards-young-learners
Retrieved on may 5th,
2017 at 04. 05pm).
Flashcards can be
used for any subject for example elementary or more advanced language training
(vocabulary and grammar), mathematics biology and geography. Flashcard are easy
to use and handy resources for teachers and they can be used on any class
level. They are excellent for presenting vocabulary, drilling and repetition.
For many students using flashcards is a fun way to learn new vocabulary.
C.
Types of flashcards
Flashcard
can be divided into several types by Scott (1990:109- 111), they are:
1. Picture Card
Picture cards are useful for the teaching of
vocabulary and reading (Nasr, 1972: 67). These picture cards can be drawings or
cut outs from magazines or perhaps photos. It is easiest to sort these picture
cards according to size really big ones for class work, and smaller ones for
individual or group work.
a.
The kind of picture card
These
can be used in many ways; just a few would include:
1. Picture card match up
2. Picture card treasure hunt
3. Picture and word match up
4. Picture card snap games
5. Picture cards can be used as part of a
communication aid
6. Picture flashcards designed to:
a.
encourage a child to say that word
b.
identify pictures with certain starting sounds
c.
encourage a child to discuss what is shown in the picture
2. Card Games
A card game is any game using playing cards as the
primary things with which the game is played, be they traditional or
game specific.
Almost
all card games can be made into language card game and while we want to concentrate
on games where some sort of language interaction is taking place, we can also
play card game simply for relaxation. A simple snap game using picture cards is
one of kind of card game.
3. Word/ Sentence cards
Word cards are useful for displays and for work on
the flannel graph. Sentence cards should only be used for the beginners and
only with sentences which are use a lot of Students can simply write the
question on one side and the answer on the opposite side and test themselves repeatedly.
Word/ sentence card usually consist of two sides, on
the front of card appears the word entry plus whatever supplementary
information is needed, on the back appears a concise definition and an
illustration of the word use. In the using word card and sentence card the
students can match a word with the definition in the other sentence cards. By
this manner the students can be more
interested in learning English.
Sometimes the word/ sentence on the cards are
commands. And the learners are used to giving and obeying these commands orally
and they are learning to recognize themselves as whole. The command on the
cards such as: Open the door, Sing a song, Stand up, clean the blackboard and
other commands. By using this word/ sentence card, we can make a simple game.
The teacher or student holds up a card, waits until several students have put
their hands up, and say name of someone. Someone who is called performs the
action required and scores a point for his team. If he performs the wrong
action, he has not read card successfully, and there will be other eager to
show that they have. Somebody in another team is given a chance.
D. The Functions
of Flashcard
The use of flashcard in the English teaching
learning process used to help the teacher: (Kasihani and Suyanto, 2008:109)
1) To be familiar and stable with singular and
plural concept
2) To be familiar and stable with numbers
3) To be familiar and stable with a few and a lot of
concept
4) To get the students
attention using extract pictures with appropriate (Vocabulary and Color)
5) To give variation in the teaching learning
process.
Flashcards is very useful to help the teacher in the
English teaching and learning process. The teacher is easier to explain the
material and to give example clearly. Because the students can see a picture
that appropriate with the theme so the students are easier to receive the
explanation of teacher.
E.
Implementation of using Flashcards in the
teaching learning process
According to Gelfgren,
V. (2012):
1.
Rhymes
and Lines Flashcards
Grade levels : Children / Beginners
Objectives :to learn vocabulary/ learn a
song
Preparation time: 10-15 minutes to make,
print and laminate the cards
Teaching duration: 10-15 minutes
Material needed : picture flashcards, CD
and CD player
Description: present songs and stories with key
vocabulary and pictures using flashcards and encourage your learners to
interact both verbally and non verbally through actions and repetition. Play or
sing the song, show the flashcards picture as they are mention in the song or
story. Lets the students sing it again, this time you only show the cards.
2.
Vocabulary
noughts and crosses
Grade level: children/ beginners
Objective : to learn vocabulary
Group size: 2 to 10
Preparation time: 10 minutes to make,
print and laminate the cards, 5 minutes to stick the magnet tape on the back of
each card
Teaching duration: 10-15 minutes
Material needed : picture flashcards
Description : select 9 picture flashcards, and
number them 1-9, draw a 3´3 grid on the board, number the squares
1-9. Divide the students in to two teams. Noughts (O) and crosses (X). In turn,
each team chooses a number between 1-9. If noughts choose square 5 for example.
Show them the flashcard 5 and ask them what it is. If they can correctly
identify the card, draw (O) in the square. Each team should try to choose squares that block the other three in a row, horizontally, vertically or
diagonally.
3.
Grammar
questions
Grades levels : intermediate / adult
language education
Objectives: to learn grammar rules
Preparation time : 30 minutes
Teaching duration: 10-15 minutes
Material needed : Text flashcards
Description : Write cards with different question
about grammar, using the cards as a quiz before a grammar test to orally drill
the students’ knowledge about grammar. Additionally, uses ready sentences and
quiz the students about the rules for the different sentences.
E.g
why is it at the bus stop and not on bus stop?
Answer
: public places always use at.
Grammar explanation on cards can also be left on the
table in front of the students to glance at when necessary during the lesson.
When students answer correctly you can double –drill them to check
understanding of rules by asking them why they give this answer. The students
should repeat the rules and look for confirmation from you. In this way you can
get even the most grammar resistant students to learn the rules.
4.
Picture
Story Flashcards
Grade levels : children/ beginners/
intermediate
Objective : to learn putting together a
story, imagination expansion
Group size : 2-10
Preparation time : 30 minutes
Teaching duration : 50-60 minutes
Material needed : Picture Flashcards
Description : with several sets of picture
flashcards or verbs, nouns, adjectives, (and / or sets of word cards if applicable).
Deal each student a mixed set containing 10-20 cards. Ask them to tell a story
using the words given. After the story is told, you can work on analyzing the
differences in each person’s story as they most probably have used the cards in
different order and the stories vary a lot on depending, on each student’s
outlook on life and imagination.
5. Time- Flash
Grade levels : Children/Beginner
Objectives : to learn the time
Group size : 2 to 10
Preparation time: 20 minutes
Teaching duration : 20 -30 minutes
Material needed : Picture Flashcards and
word flashcards
Description : go through the basic time
vocabularies, ten past, quarter to,half past, three o’clock etc. Make a set of
flashcards with the clock in different positions, practice telling the time by
showing the cards to the students. You can also use the time cards in written
form to match to the correct clock picture.When the students have learned the
time, take out two of the cards at a time and ask how much time has elapsed
between the two clocks.
CHAPTER III
Conclusion
Flashcard is a
piece of cardboard about 18 X 6 inches on which appears a word, a sentence or a
simple outline drawing. Different students learn in different ways, and it is
important to make use of visual teaching methods since studies show that the
majority of students learn trough visual means. Flashcards are clear and
colorful and they can have positive effect on the visual learning process of
the students.
Types of
flashcards
1. Picture cards
2. Card games
3. Word/ sentence cards
Flashcards
is very useful to help the teacher in the English teaching and learning
process. The teacher is easier to explain the material and to give example
clearly. Because the students can see a picture that appropriate with the theme
so the students are easier to receive the explanation of teacher.
Implementation
of using Flashcards in the teaching learning process:
1. Rhymes
and Lines Flashcards
2. Vocabulary
noughts and crosses
3. Grammar
questions
4. Picture
Story Flashcards
5. Time-
Flash
Referencies
Carpenter,
S.K & Olson, K.M. (2011). Are Pictures Good for Learning New Vocabulary
in a Foreign Language? Only If You Think They Are Not. Journal of
Experimental Pschology. 1-10.
Edwards,S.
(2006). 50 Ways to to Improve Your study Habits. Kuala Lumpur: Golden
Book Center.
Gelfgren,
V. (2012). Fun With Flashcards 150 + ideas for using flashcards in the
classroom.
Swedish:
LEARMORE PROJECTS . page 6-200)
Insaniyah.
2003.The Use of Flashcards in Teaching English for The Sixth Year Students
of
SDN 1 Tuntang in The Academic Year of
2002-2003. A. Thesis Salatiga. STAIN
Salatiga.
Nasr,
Raja T. (1972). Teaching and Learning English. London, Longman group
limited.
Scott,
Wendy A. and Lisbeth H. Y treberg.(1990).Teaching English to Children,
New York.
Longman.
Suyanto, Kasihani
K. E.( 2008). English for Young Learners, Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
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